1. Buying or selling links that pass PageRank
2. Excessive link exchanges (“Link to me and I’ll link to you”) or partner pages exclusively for the sake of cross-linking
3. Large-scale article marketing or guest posting campaigns with keyword-rich anchor text links
4. Using automated programs or services to create links to your site
5. Text advertisements that pass PageRank
6. Advertorials or native advertising where payment is received for articles that include links that pass PageRank
7. Links with optimized anchor text in articles or press releases distributed on other sites.
8. Low-quality directory or bookmark site links
9. Links embedded in widgets that are distributed across various sites
10. Widely distributed links in the footers of various sites
11. Forum comments with optimized links in the post or signature
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